1,981 research outputs found

    Targeting supermassive black hole binaries and gravitational wave sources for the pulsar timing array

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    This paper presents a technique to search for supermassive black hole binaries (MBHBs) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The search is based on the peculiar properties of merging galaxies that are found in a mock galaxy catalog from the Millennium Simulation. MBHBs are expected to be the main gravitational wave (GW) sources for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs); however, it is still unclear if the observed GW signal will be produced by a few single MBHBs, or if it will have the properties of a stochastic background. The goal of this work is to produce a map of the sky in which each galaxy is assigned a probability of having suffered a recent merger, and of hosting a MBHB that could be detected by PTAs. This constitutes a step forward in the understanding of the expected PTA signal: the skymap can be used to investigate the clustering properties of PTA sources and the spatial distribution of the observable GW signal power; moreover, galaxies with the highest probabilities could be used as inputs in targeted searches for individual GW sources. We also investigate the distribution of neighboring galaxies around galaxies hosting MBHBs, finding that the most likely detectable PTA sources are located in dense galaxy environments. Different techniques are used in the search, including Bayesian and Machine Learning algorithms, with consistent outputs. Our method generates a list of galaxies classified as MBHB hosts, that can be combined with other searches to effectively reduce the number of misclassifications. The spectral coverage of the SDSS reaches less than a fifth of the sky, and the catalog becomes severely incomplete at large redshifts; however, this technique can be applied in the future to larger catalogs to obtain complete, observationally-based information of the expected GW signal detectable by PTAs

    Cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19 patients, a new scenario for an old concern. The fragile balance between infections and autoimmunity

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    On 7 January 2020, researchers isolated and sequenced in China from patients with severe pneumonitis a novel coronavirus, then called SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spread worldwide, becoming a global health emergency. Typical manifestations consist of flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. However, in about 20% of patients, the infection progresses to severe interstitial pneumonia and can induce an uncontrolled host-immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS represents an emergency scenario of a frequent challenge, which is the complex and interwoven link between infections and autoimmunity. Indeed, treatment of CRS involves the use of both antivirals to control the underlying infection and immunosuppressive agents to dampen the aberrant pro-inflammatory response of the host. Several trials, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of immunosuppressants commonly used in rheumatic diseases, are ongoing in patients with COVID-19 and CRS, some of which are achieving promising results. However, such a use should follow a multidisciplinary approach, be accompanied by close monitoring, be tailored to patient’s clinical and serological features, and be initiated at the right time to reach the best results. Autoimmune patients receiving immunosuppressants could be prone to SARS-CoV-2 infections; however, suspension of the ongoing therapy is contraindicated to avoid disease flares and a consequent increase in the infection risk

    Teachers representations about students' misbehaviours in physical education related with subjects, class moments and their targets

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    FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), IDP (Instituto do Desporto de Portugal), AIESEP World Congres

    C3 Deficiency – A Case Report

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    O sistema do complemento é um componente essencial do sistema imunitário inato, pelo que as deficiências de proteínas da sua complexa cascata podem ter consequências mais ou menos graves, de acordo com a importância do factor afectado. As complicações mais usuais das deficiências do complemento são infecções recorrentes a bactérias encapsuladas e distúrbios autoimunes. Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de deficiência do factor C3, situação extremamente rara, discutindo a fisiopatologia, apresentação clínica, investigação laboratorial e abordagem terapêutica

    Charged Higgs boson contribution to ντNτX\nu_{\tau} {\cal N} \to \tau^- X for very large tanβ\tan\beta in the two Higgs doublet model with UHE-neutrinos

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    We study the deep inelastic process ντ+Nτ+X\nu_{\tau} + {\cal N} \to \tau^{-} + X (with N(n+p)/2{\cal N} \equiv (n+p)/2 an isoscalar nucleon), in the context of the two Higgs doublet model {\it type two} (2HDM(II)). In particular, we discuss the contribution to the total cross section of diagrams, in which a charged Higgs boson is exchanged. We show that for large values of tanβ\tan\beta such contribution for an inclusive dispersion generated through the collision of an ultrahigh energy tau-neutrino on a target nucleon can reach up to 57% of the value of the contribution of the W+W^+ exchange diagrams (i.e. can reach up to 57% of the standard model (SM) prediction) and could permit to distinguish between the SM and the 2HDM(II) predictions at the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

    Avaliação do Estado dos rios no Sul de Portugal: dos conceitos à prática

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    O aumento da população humana e o crescente desenvolvimento tecnológico tem conduzido a um excessivo consumo de água consequentemente associado à degradação dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Surge assim a necessidade de avaliar o estado dos ecossistemas aquáticos, através de programas de monitorização adaptados às diferentes realidades. Inicialmente, estes programas foram desenvolvidos tendo em consideração os diferentes usos da água, para os quais são definidos e legislados a nível de cada país valores máximos admissíveis e recomendados. Contudo, a consciencialização a nível global da progressiva contaminação dos ecossistemas aquáticos conduziu a um novo paradigma onde a água é considerada suporte das comunidades biológicas. Os ecossistemas aquáticos passam a ser avaliados numa perspectiva funcional, constituindo o objecto central da monitorização. Abandona-se uma perspectiva antropocêntrica (água considerada unicamente como recurso para as actividades humanas) em benefício de uma visão ecocêntrica, direccionada para a qualidade e preservação dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Nesta perspectiva, na Europa foi recentemente implementada a Directiva Quadro da Água (DQA - Directiva 2000/60/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho), segundo a qual os estados membros assumem o compromisso de alterar as estratégias tradicionais de utilização da água, facto que requer o desenvolvimento de uma nova concepção social e institucional sobre o valor da água. No âmbito da DQA, os estados membros deverão desenvolver Planos de Bacia Hidrográfica, onde se obriga à classificação do estado das massas de água (ecológico e químico) com vista à recuperação de todas as que se classificam abaixo de Bom. Neste contexto, as comunidades biológicas adquirem uma importância acrescida, uma vez que reflectem as contaminações físicas e químicas (pontual ou difusa) e as alterações morfológicas estruturais (caudais, vegetação ripícola, geomorfologia). No sul de Portugal (bacias hidrográficas do Sado/Mira e Guadiana), a avaliação do estado das massas de água rios efectuada nos anos de 2009 e 2010 no âmbito dos Planos de Bacia Hidrográfica, revelou que apenas 36% e 41% das massas de água rio apresentam Bom estado. Os principais elementos responsáveis pelas classificações indesejáveis foram os elementos biológicos (i.e diatomáceas e invertebrados bentónicos), o Fósforo Total e os níveis de Oxigénio Dissolvido. Consequentemente é necessário propor medidas para progressivamente reduzir a degradação, assim como propor medidas para prevenir a deterioração das massas de águas classificadas como Bom estado, sobretudo tendo em atenção que é objectivo da DQA que todas as massas de água atinjam o Bom estado até 2015

    Heavy boson production through the collision of an ultrahigh-energy neutrino on a target nucleon

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    We discuss W and Z production through the deep inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering in the context of the standard model SU(3)x SU(2)x U(1) of the strong and electroweak interactions. We find the cross section rates for the process neutrino + nucleon --> lepton(-) + W(+) + X for the case of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos colliding on a target nucleon.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure
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